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Transfer of Escherichia coli to Water from Drained and Undrained Grassland after Grazing

^a Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
^b Centre for Sustainable Water Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
^c Soil Science and Environmental Quality Team, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Escherichia coli numbers in ungrazed and grazed (drained, d+; undrained, d–) plots, October 2002 to October 2003. Error bars represent 1 SE of logarithmic means. CFU, colony forming units.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Instantaneous E. coli loads exported from drained and undrained plots in relation to daily rainfall. The x axis represents day of sampling since cattle removed. The terms T1, T2, and T3 depict short-term changes on day of sampling. Error bars represent 1 SE. CFU, colony forming units.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Time series data illustrating E. coli concentration emergence with flow for (A) mole and tile drain pathway and (B) undrained composite pathway. CFU, colony forming units.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Storm hydrograph (27 November) for mole drain pathway with associated E. coli concentrations and turbidity values at 1-h sampling resolution. CFU, colony forming units.