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A Regional-Scale Study on the Crop Uptake of Cadmium from Sandy Soils

Measurement and Modeling

University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics Section, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationship between topsoil Cd concentration in soil solution and plant Cd contents in 1998 and 1999 for (A) winter wheat, (B) sugar beet, and (C) potato. For winter wheat, ordinate values give the Cd content in grain. For sugar beet and potato, ordinate values represent the Cd content of the whole plant.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured versus predicted Cd contents of (A) winter wheat, (B) sugar beet, and (C) potato. Predictions assume a passive uptake and are based on parameters either measured or taken from the literature; only sugar beet kP was fitted. In each panel the modeling efficiency (EF) is given. The black open circle in (C) points to four potato samples with a particularly strong disagreement between model and measurement.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Measured versus predicted Cd contents of potato plants. With the help of a two-step cluster analysis the data pairs were grouped in three clusters. The cluster criterion was the residuum between predicted and measured value.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured versus predicted Cd contents of potato plants (modeling efficiency [EF] = 87%). Data were grouped in three clusters. For each cluster a specific plant factor was fitted.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Sensitivity analysis of model input parameters. The reference simulation was done using the following parameters: C(z = 0–30 cm) = 1 µg L–1, C(z > 30 cm) = 0 µg L–1, kP = 4 Pa, e = 700 Pa, QHM = 10, QY = 0.5, = 1, and = 8 m–1.