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Cascading Ecological Effects of Low-Level Phosphorus Enrichment in the Florida Everglades

^a Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
^b Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
^c Department of Environmental Studies, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
^d Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820
^e U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192
^f Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207

View larger version (142K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Satellite image showing location of the three experimental flumes in Shark River Slough in Everglades National Park, Florida. (b) Aerial photograph of one of the experimental flumes, showing the four treatment channels before the initiation of dosing in 1997. (c) Downstream view of one flume, showing initial 10-m header box where P is added and flow measurements are taken.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Annual means for the 5-yr dosing period for the difference in measured parameters in channels receiving 5, 15, and 30 µg L–1 above ambient concentrations relative to untreated control channel. The horizontal line is the minimum value representing a significant (P < 0.05) departure from differences expected among control channels (based on among-year variance of control channel differences).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Parameter-specific P assimilative capacity calculated as the amount of P absorbed by an area of marsh over the time period before significant change in that parameter. (b) Dose-dependent downstream travel rates of significant alterations in measured parameters. The rates are applicable to marsh receiving P input from a control structure with a water depth of 0.5 to 1 m and input velocity of 2 to 15 mm s–1.