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Phosphorus Speciation in Broiler Litter and Turkey Manure Produced from Modified Diets

Gurpal S. Toora,*, J. Derek Peakb and J. Thomas Simsa

a Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
b Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5A8



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  		Fig. 1. Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of phosphate references used in linear combination (LC) fitting. Spectra are offset by 1.8 absorbance units to allow clearer comparison of spectral features among the standards.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of normal corn (NORC), high available phosphorus corn (HAPC), and turkey manure samples. Arrows in the turkey samples point to spectral features consistent with hydroxylapatite. Spectra are offset by 1.0 absorbance units for clearer comparison. NPP, non-phytate phosphorus.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Linear combination fit results for normal corn (NORC) broiler litter (top row), high available phosphorus corn (HAPC) broiler litter (middle row), and turkey manure (bottom row) samples. The original spectra are shown with a solid line (–), total fit is represented with open circles ({circ}), dicalcium phosphate is represented with a dashed line (- - -), phytic acid is represented with a dotted line (• • •), aqueous phosphate is represented by open triangles ({triangleup}), and hydroxylapatite is represented with a plus (+). Of special interest is the appearance of hydroxylapatite in the HAPC–0.2% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP)+ phytase sample (middle row) and in the P deficient as well as P deficient plus phytase turkey samples (bottom row). The presence of this species can be explained by differences in the Ca to P ratios of these manure samples.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Relationships of total Ca to P ratio (a) and H2O–P (b) with P forms determined with X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy for broiler litters and turkey manures. Broiler litters are indicated by open symbols while turkey manures are indicated by filled symbols.

 




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The SCI Journals Agronomy Journal Crop Science
Journal of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences Education		 Vadose Zone Journal
Soil Science Society of America Journal Journal of Plant Registrations The Plant Genome
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