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Cattle Feedlot Soil Moisture and Manure Content

I. Impacts on Greenhouse Gases, Odor Compounds, Nitrogen Losses, and Dust

USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of manure and moisture level (g H2O g–1 dry feedlot soil mixture [FSM]) on pH, L-lactate accumulation, and the persistence of glucose monomer. The standard errors of the least squares mean (n = 3) for pH, L-lactate, and glucose monomer are 0.04, 2.40, and 0.84, respectively.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of manure and moisture level (g H2O g–1 dry feedlot soil mixture [FSM]) on hourly consumption of O2 and emission of CO2, N2O, and CH4. The standard errors of the least squares mean (n = 3) for O2, CO2, N2O, and CH4 are 0.52, 0.17, 4.6, and 0.56, respectively.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The two-week integrated emission of CO2 equivalents reflecting the contribution of individual greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O. Methane and N2O equivalents were scaled to CO2 using scaling factors of 23 and 296, respectively (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001). The standard errors of the least squares mean (n = 3) for CO2, CH4, and N2O are 0.17, 0.01, and 0.92, respectively. FSM, feedlot soil mixture.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of manure and moisture level (g H2O g–1 dry feedlot soil mixture [FSM]) on total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and protonated volatile fatty acid (VFACOOH) contents of the FSM. The standard errors of the least squares mean (n = 3) for total VFA and VFACOOH are 6.5 and 1.0, respectively.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of manure and moisture level (g H2O g–1 dry feedlot soil mixture [FSM]) on microbial substrate content of the FSM. The standard errors of the least squares mean (n = 3) for crude protein ([CP], organic N x 6.25), starch, and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) are 2.2, 3.1, and 42.9, respectively.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of manure and moisture level (g H2O g–1 dry feedlot soil mixture [FSM]) on KCl-extractable N (urea, NH4+, and NO3– and NO2–) content of the FSM. The standard error of the least squares mean (n = 3) is 25.3.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The dust potential of the three feedlot soil mixtures (FSM) with increasing moisture content (A) and the relationship between the moisture threshold (MT) and organic matter (OM) content (B). The standard error of the least squares mean (n = 3) for dust potential (A) is 10.3. Open circles in (B) are data from four areas within a cattle feedlot pen as reported in Miller and Woodbury (2003), whereas filled circles are data points calculated from the three FSM. The term DM is dry matter.

View larger version (92K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Conceptual diagram of the dominant microbial metabolisms and primary environmental issues as they relate to manure and moisture content in cattle feedlot surfaces. The term N loss refers to a decline of KCl-extractable N. Information on pathogen growth is interpreted from Berry and Miller (2005). The term DM is dry matter.