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Prediction of Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, and Copper Availability to Wheat in Contaminated Soils Using Chemical Speciation, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films, Extraction, and Isotopic Dilution Techniques

Annette L. Nolana,c,*, Hao Zhangb and Mike J. McLaughlina,b

a CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
b Soil and Land Systems, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
c Current address: National Measurement Institute, PO Box 385, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia



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Fig. 1. Dependence of log concentration of Zn in plant tissue on the log of (a) effective Zn concentration, CE, before growth, (b) effective Zn concentration, CE, after growth, (c) soil solution Zn, before growth, (d) soil solution Zn, after growth, (e) free Zn2+ activity, (f) CaCl2–extracted Zn, (g) Zn E value, and (h) total soil Zn. The quadratic regression equations and regression coefficients are shown.

 


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Fig. 2. Dependence of log concentration of Cd in plant tissue on the log of (a) effective Cd concentration, CE, before growth, (b) effective Cd concentration, CE, after growth, (c) soil solution Cd, before growth, (d) soil solution Cd, after growth, (e) free Cd2+ activity, (f) CaCl2–extracted Cd, (g) Cd E value, and (h) total soil Cd. The quadratic regression equations and regression coefficients are shown.

 


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Fig. 3. Dependence of log concentration of Pb in plant tissue on the log of (a) effective Pb concentration, CE, before growth, (b) effective Pb concentration, CE, after growth, (c) soil solution Pb, before growth, (d) soil solution Pb, after growth, (e) free Pb2+ activity, (f) CaCl2–extracted Pb, and (g) total soil Pb. The quadratic regression equations and regression coefficients are shown. Only nine soils are included as Kapunda soils were below Pb detection limit for some measurements. The E values were not determined for Pb (no suitable radioisotope available).

 


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Fig. 4. Dependence of log concentration of Cu in plant tissue on the log of (a) effective Cu concentration, CE, before growth, (b) effective Cu concentration, CE, after growth, (c) soil solution Cu, before growth, (d) soil solution Cu, after growth, (e) CaCl2–extracted Cu, (f) Cu E value, and (g) total soil Cu. The quadratic regression equations and regression coefficients are shown. Free Cu2+ activities were not determined (below method detection limit).

 


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Fig. 5. Plots of plant yields as dry weight versus (a) Zn CE before growth, and (b) free Zn2+ activities on logarithmic scales. The solid line represents the calculated dose–response curves.

 





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The SCI Journals Agronomy Journal Crop Science
Vadose Zone Journal Journal of Plant Registrations
Journal of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences Education
Soil Science Society of America Journal
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.