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Trace Element Chemistry in Residual-Treated Soil

Key Concepts and Metal Bioavailability

^a School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
^b National Risk Management Research Laboratory, USEPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268
^c USDA-ARS Animal Manure and Byproducts Laboratory, Building 007, BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Adsorption of heavy metal cations on goethite. Metal hydrolysis pKa values for each metal, in parentheses, are Pb (7.7), Cu (8), Zn (9.0), Co (9.7), Ni (9.9), and Mn (10.6) (extracted from McKenzie, 1980).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Adsorption of oxyanions from goethite suspension (extracted from Okazaki et al., 1989).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mechanisms of complexation of heavy metal cations with natural organic matter (NOM) (extracted from Senesi, 1992).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of biosolids and organic carbon removal on Cd adsorption isotherms on Miamian silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs) at pH 5.5 in 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 solution for (A) soils treated with 0, 90, or 300 Mg ha–1, or pure biosolids, and (B) inorganic fraction of soils treated with 0, 90, or 300 Mg ha–1, or pure biosolids.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of source of Zn addition on plant tissue concentration during a 4-yr field experiment (modified from Giordano and Mays, 1977).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The effect of heavy metal adsorption capacity on heavy metal phytoavailability. Heavy metal adsorption capacity follows the trend D > C > B > A (modified from Corey et al., 1987).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Cadmium concentration in leaves of romaine lettuce grown on unlimed (pH 5.6) Christiana fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Paleudults) amended with 0, 56, 112, and 224 Mg ha–1 of heat-treated biosolids in 1976 (mean for six crop years) analyzed by linear regression standard error, or plateau regression 95% confidence intervals. Biosolids contained 13.4 mg Cd kg–1, 1330 mg Zn kg–1, and 83 g Fe kg–1 dry weight.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Effect of historic biosolids applications on the phytoavailability of applied Cd salt to romaine lettuce; soils from long-term, biosolids-amended, and control soils from plots established in 1976 on Christina fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Paleudults). Soils with all treatments and Cd rates were adjusted to pH 6.5 in 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 before growing ‘Paris Island’ romaine lettuce to maturity. The Cd concentration in heat-treated biosolids was 13.4 mg kg–1, and the Cd concentration in compost was 7.2 mg kg–1.