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Transport of Phosphate through Artificial Macropores during Film and Pulse Flow

^a The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory for Agrohydrology and Bioclimatology, Højbakkegård Allé 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
^b The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Natural Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Experimental setup showing glass bead column and an artificial macropore installed.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured water drainage and wetting curves for the glass bead column used in the experiments.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Example of film flow in an 8-mm tube, Experiment 3. (a) Pressure head at the bottom of the column, cumulative amount of outflow. (b) Sorbed orthophosphate estimated as decrease in soluble P concentration during transport through the macropore, and outflow rate with time.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Example of pulse flow in a 3-mm tube, Experiment 6. (a) Pressure head at the bottom of the column, cumulative amount of outflow. (b) Sorbed orthophosphate estimated as decrease in soluble P concentration during transport through the macropore, and outflow rate with time for the first pulse flow event.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Pressure head at different heights in the soil column during (a) film flow in Experiment 2 and (b) pulse flow in Experiment 5. Height = 0 cm is set at the bottom, while height = 20 cm is the surface of the glass bed column.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Sorption capacities of the iron oxide–coated ceramic tubes when (a) applying 0.04 mg P L–1 in tubes with a 3-mm i.d. and (b) 0.2 mg P L–1 in tubes with an 8-mm i.d. in a circulation system. Open symbols: tree replicates of sorption experiments to iron oxide–coated ceramic tubes. Filled symbols: two replicates of control experiments using uncoated tubes.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Cumulative sorbed P per unit surface area in the artificial macropores, as a function of (a) outflow volume and (b) outflow rate during pulse and film flow. Open symbols: pulse flow experiments. Filled symbols: film flow experiments.