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Biological Reduction of Chlorate in a Gas-Lift Reactor Using Hydrogen as an Energy Source

Akzo Nobel Chemicals, P.O. Box 9300, 6800 SB Arnhem, the Netherlands

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Reduction of chlorate () during start-up at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) (—) of 24 h. After 18 d of operation the HRT was decreased stepwise down to 6 h.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The disappearance of chlorate () and the stoichiometric formation of chloride () in a batch culture with microorganisms immobilized on pumice particles supplied with hydrogen () as the sole energy source. Each point represents the mean (±SD) of three replicates.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Stability of chlorate-reducing microorganisms attached to pumice particles kept at 4 () and 20°C (). Each point represents the mean (±SD) of three replicates.