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Phosphorus Transfer in Surface Runoff from Intensive Pasture Systems at Various Scales

A Review

^a School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia 5064
^b South Australian Research and Development Institute, PO Box 397, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5003
^c CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia 5064

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Conceptual model of phosphorus (P) transfer (adapted from Haygarth and Jarvis, 1999). The text in bold denotes the critical transport and source factors without which P transfer will not occur.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The phosphorus (P) cycle in the soil–plant continuum (adapted from Leinweber et al., 2002).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the soil–plant system. Surface runoff travels primarily in the top several millimeters of soil (A11 horizon), the thin organic mat (O horizon, which may or may not be present), and in a layer above these. Arrows denote typical characteristics of water movement. Longer arrows indicate greater velocities, and thicker arrows indicating greater volumes of water moving along the indicated pathway.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Basic components of hillslope hydrology.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Common zones of moisture accumulation in the landscape (adapted from Ward, 1984).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of changing saturation zones during a rainfall event. Saturation zones (indicated by dotted areas) develop, and expand and contract (indicated by reversible arrows) during a rainfall event (adapted from Chorley, 1978).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relationship between amount of phosphorus desorbed and time and phosphorus amendment levels and solution to soil ratio (W) (Sharpley et al., 1981b).