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Fecal Contamination of Pastoral Wetlands

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11 115, Hamilton, New Zealand

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Wetland map. "S" indicates that wetland outflow was sampled at this location for E. coli, "W" indicates the approximate location of the weir, and "P" indicates the location of the piezometer set.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Observed flow (L min–1) and low to moderate flow E. coli concentrations (most probable number [MPN] 100 mL–1) at Wetland A. The black bands at the top of the figure indicate periods of grazing. Note the E. coli concentration observed on 9 June was collected at a flow of 23 L min–1.

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Scatter plot of flow (L min–1) against E. coli concentration (most probable number [MPN] 100 mL–1) sampled at low to moderate flow from Wetland A.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Soil water E. coli concentrations (most probable number [MPN] 100 mL–1) collected at depths of 60 to 85 cm, 2 m above the head of Wetland A.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Storm period flow (L min–1; y axis) and E. coli concentration (most probable number [MPN] 100 mL–1; second y axis) for five events at Wetland A (A1–A5) and two events at Wetland B (B1 and B2). Storm duration (h) is shown on the x axis. Note the change in scale for flow and E. coli concentration for Event A5, and for flow for Event B2. Time since the catchment was last grazed (d) is shown in parentheses.