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Phosphorus in Surface Runoff from Calcareous Arable Soils of the Semiarid Western United States

^a USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83301
^b Current address: Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, 106 Newell Hall, P.O. Box 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationships between concentrations of particulate P (mg P L–1) and suspended sediment (g L–1) in surface runoff from four calcareous soils. Data are for two irrigation experiments on dry and wet soils. Portneuf topsoil: Y = 1.25x + 1.52, r2 = 0.77, F = 48.0, P < 0.001. Portneuf subsoil: Y = 1.42x + 3.77, r2 = 0.73, F = 37.7, P < 0.001. Warden soil: Y = 0.67x + 0.19, r2 = 0.36, F = 6.7, P < 0.05. Greenleaf soil: Y = 0.70x + 0.77, r2 = 0.66, F = 11.7, P < 0.05.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relationships between soil moisture content (%) and the total runoff volume (mm) and time from the start of irrigation to the start of runoff (min) for the Portneuf topsoil and subsoil plots. Data are from two irrigation experiments on dry and wet soils.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Chemograph of filterable reactive P concentrations in surface runoff during a typical irrigation event. The data are from a plot on the Portneuf topsoil with an Olsen-P concentration of 46 mg P kg–1 dry soil. Data from two irrigation experiments on dry and wet soils are shown, with flow-weighted mean (FWM) concentrations indicated by single points.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationships between soil-test P concentrations (mg P kg–1 dry soil) and filterable reactive P concentrations in runoff (mg P L–1). Data from two irrigation experiments on dry and wet soils are included.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationships between soil pH (1:1 soil to water ratio) and water-extractable Ca (top) and Fe (bottom) (mg kg–1 dry soil) for the Portneuf soil plots, highlighting the Portneuf topsoil plots that appeared elevated in the relationship between Olsen P and filterable reactive P in surface runoff (Fig. 4). Water-extractable elements were determined by extraction with deionized water for 1 h in a 1:10 soil to solution ratio.