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An Improved Description of Pesticide Volatilization

Refinement of the Pesticide Leaching Model (PELMO)

^a Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere IV: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
^b Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, P.O. Box 1260, 57377 Schmallenberg, Germany

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Modifications included in the improved PELMO version. (A) Measured and calculated soil moisture profiles over the course of the wind-tunnel study on gleyic cambisol using the official PELMO version (FOCUS PELMO, top compartment thickness: 5 cm) and the modified version (top compartment thickness: 1 mm). (B) Correction factors for soil adsorption coefficients (gleyic cambisol). For moistures in the top millimeter of the soil ranging from above air-dry conditions to below wilting point, the sorption coefficients were increased by the given correction factors.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured (wind-tunnel study) and predicted (PELMO) volatilization fluxes after soil surface application to gleyic cambisol (semilogarithmic plots). (A) Parathion-methyl. (B) Fenpropimorph. (C) Terbuthylazine. (D) Chlorpyrifos.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Calculations using the improved PELMO version, including variation of Henry's law constants (dimensionless values, calculated at 25°C). (A) Parathion-methyl. (B) Chlorpyrifos.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured (field study) and predicted (PELMO) volatilization fluxes after soil surface application to orthic luvisol. (A) Parathion-methyl. (B) Fenpropimorph. (C) Terbuthylazine.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured and calculated soil moisture profiles over the course of the field study on orthic luvisol using the official PELMO version (FOCUS PELMO, top compartment thickness: 5 cm) and the modified version (top compartment thickness: 1 mm).