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Release of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from Dairy Cattle Manure

Physical Factors

^a National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
^b George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507
^c Microbiology Program, 241 Boyce Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Experimental setup to elute (oo)cysts from a disk of manure.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Observed and simulated manure (a), oocyst (b), and cyst (c) release rates as a function of time at 5°C (Experiments 1 and 2) and 23°C (Experiments 3 and 4).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Observed and simulated manure (a), normalized oocyst (b), and normalized cyst (c) release rates as a function of time for Calf 1 (Experiment 1) and Calf 2 (Experiment 5) manure.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Observed and simulated manure (a), oocyst (b), and cyst (c) release rates as a function of time for manure composed of various cow manure mass fractions (fraction of cow manure, fcow, equals 0, 0.5, and 0.9 for Experiments 1, 6, and 7, respectively).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Observed and simulated manure (a), oocyst (b), and cyst (c) release rates as a function of time for drip (Experiment 1) and mist (Experiment 8) experiments. After 250 min the mist application was stopped for 41 h and switched to drip application for 50 min.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Observed and simulated manure (a), oocyst (b), and cyst (c) release rates as a function of time for high (10.5 mL min–1; Experiment 8) and low (2.9 mL min–1; Experiment 9) flow rates.