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Sorption and Stability of the Polycyclic Nitramine Explosive CL-20 in Soil

Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Structures and relevant physicochemical properties of selected nitramine explosives (data from Monteil-Rivera et al., 2004).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Sorption and desorption kinetics for CL-20 with sandy agricultural topsoil from Varennes, QC, Canada (VT) and sandy garden soil obtained from a local supplier (GS). For desorption, y axis represents the amount of sorbed CL-20 that desorbs. Error bars represent the standard deviations of three replicates.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sorption–desorption isotherms for CL-20 in nonsterile Sassafras sandy loam (SSL); sandy agricultural topsoil from Varennes, QC, Canada (VT); sandy forest soil from Boucherville, QC, Canada (FSB); sandy garden soil obtained from a local supplier (GS); and sandy forest soil provided by a local supplier (FS) at ambient temperature. Sorption is denoted by filled symbols and solid lines; desorption by hollow symbols and dashed lines. For clarity, data obtained with soils having a high affinity for CL-20 (top) are presented separately from data obtained with soils having a low affinity for CL-20 (bottom).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Percent recovery of CL-20 after 65 h of agitation at different pH values and ambient temperature, in presence or absence of nonsterile sandy agricultural topsoil from Varennes, QC, Canada (VT).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Stability of CL-20 in sterile soils having various pH values (clay soil from St. Sulpice, QC, Canada [CSS] and sandy soil provided by Agriculture Canada [SAC], pH = 8.1; sandy agricultural topsoil from Varennes, QC, Canada [VT], pH = 5.6). Error bars represent the standard deviations of three replicates.