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Sorption of Sulfonamide Pharmaceutical Antibiotics on Whole Soils and Particle-Size Fractions

Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Adsorbed concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfonamide antibiotics in dependence on the solution concentration after spiking to a topsoil sample of unfertilized loess Chernozem.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Distribution coefficients (Kd) for the adsorption of p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfonamide antibiotics to a topsoil sample of unfertilized loess Chernozem and two different particle-size fractions of unfertilized and fertilized loess Chernozem, respectively.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Freundlich adsorption coefficients (Kf) for the adsorption and desorption of (a) p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) and (b) sulfapyridine (SPY) in the presence of topsoil samples and particle-size fractions of an unfertilized and a fertilized loess Chernozem soil. Error bars not shown are smaller than symbols.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Distribution coefficients (Kd) for the adsorption of p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfonamide antibiotics to soil samples calculated by a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model equation in relation to the experimental values obtained from batch trials (open symbols) and to independent data (filled symbols, from Langhammer, 1989; Thiele-Bruhn, unpublished data). Solid line = 1:1 ratio; error bars not shown are smaller than symbols.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Characteristic binding sites for the interactions of p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfapyridine with the soil organic matter (SOM) model. (a) Sequestration of p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) in a central void of the SOM complex by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds (arrows) and (b) surface adsorption and trapping of sulfapyridine (SPY) to the SOM complex by van der Waals forces are illustrated. For properties of the antibiotic–SOM complex see Table 5. Both antibiotic molecules (a) pABA and (b) SPY are displayed by thick lines. The atoms of the two antibiotics and the adjacent SOM complex are indicated by solid circles for carbon, shaded circles for oxygen, open circles for nitrogen, small circles for hydrogen, and marked circles for sulfur. For color plots see www.auf.uni-rostock.de/ibp/en/pages/Thiele-Bruhn-Color-Plots.pdf (verified 26 Feb. 2004).