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Effect of Cobalt Sorption on Metal Fractionation in Anaerobic Granular Sludge

^a Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, University of Wageningen, NL-6700-EV Wageningen, the Netherlands
^b Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Distribution of the metal concentration (mg kg–1 total solids [TS]) in granules from the paper mill sludge (A and C) and the distillery sludge (B and D). From left to right, bars represent the following fractions: exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter, and residual. (A) and (B), micronutrients; (C) and (D), macronutrients.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Evolution of soluble cobalt concentration of the fraction when exposing the sludges from the paper mill sludge (A) and the distillery sludge (B) to medium containing cobalt concentrations of 10 µM (diamonds), 100 µM (squares), and 1 mM (triangles), represented on the secondary axis.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of physicochemical conditions on cobalt speciation (mg kg–1 total solids [TS]) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. Intact granules: (a), (b), and (c), effect of pH value 6, 7, and 8, respectively; (d) and (e), effect of 1 mM Ni addition at time t0 and t0 + 2 d, respectively; (f), effect of 1 mM Fe addition at time t0 + 2 d. Modified granules: (a), (b), and (c), effect of EDTA addition 1, 10, and 50 mM, respectively; (d), effect of glutaraldehyde treatment; (e) and (f), effect of temperature exposure to 74 and 55°C, respectively. From left to right, bars represent the following fractions: exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on nickel speciation (mg kg–1 total solids [TS]) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. Intact granules: (d) and (e) represented as black bars on the secondary axis for 1 mM Ni addition. From left to right, bars represent the following fractions: exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (75K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on copper speciation (%) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. From top to bottom, bars represent the following fractions: soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on zinc speciation (%) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. From top to bottom, bars represent the following fractions: soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on iron speciation (mg kg–1 total solids [TS]) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. Intact granules: (f) represented as black bar for 1 mM Fe addition. From left to right, bars represent the following fractions: exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on calcium speciation (%) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. From top to bottom, bars represent the following fractions: soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (67K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on magnesium speciation (%) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. From top to bottom, bars represent the following fractions: soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.

View larger version (71K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Effect of Co sorption under different physicochemical conditions on phosphorus speciation (%) in paper mill (Eerbeek) (A) and distillery (Nedalco) (B) granules. For denomination of sorption conditions, see Fig. 3. I, inoculum. From top to bottom, bars represent the following fractions: soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual.