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Plant and Soil Responses to Biosolids Application following Forest Fire

^a MFG, Inc., 3801 Automation Way, Ft. Collins, CO 80525
^b Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523
^c Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523
^d USEPA Region 8, Denver, CO 80202

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Mean annual plant production in post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site amended with biosolids and adjacent intra-plot reference areas. Thin bars represent the standard errors of the means (n = 4). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within a year as indicated by a Fisher's least significant difference test. Reference areas were not sampled in 1998.

View larger version (43K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean relative biomass of grass species that were seeded in post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site amended with biosolids and adjacent unamended (and unseeded) reference areas. Thin bars represent the standard errors of the means (n = 4). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within a year as indicated by a Fisher's least significant difference test. Reference areas were not sampled in 1998.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mean relative biomass of invasive plant species in post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site amended with biosolids and adjacent unamended reference areas. Thin bars represent the standard errors of the means (n = 4). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within a year as indicated by a Fisher's least significant difference test. Invasive species are those defined as such by USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (2002). Reference areas were not sampled in 1998.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean percentage of plant cover in post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site amended with biosolids and adjacent unamended reference areas. Thin bars represent the standard errors of the means (n = 4). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within a year as indicated by a Fisher's least significant difference test.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean percentage of bare ground in post-fire study plots at control and biosolids-amended post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site and adjacent unamended reference areas. Thin bars represent the standard errors of the means (n = 4). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within a year as indicated by a Fisher's least significant difference test.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Mean concentration of (A) nitrogen, (B) phosphorus, and (C) zinc in the aboveground tissue of streambank wheatgrass collected from control and biosolids-amended post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site. Thin bars represent the standard errors of the means (n = 4). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within a year as indicated by a Fisher's least significant difference test.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Total soil C concentration for the 0- to 7.5-, 7.5- to 15-, and 15- to 30-cm depths in control and biosolids-amended post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site for 1997 through 2001. Significant (P < 0.05) regression curves and equations are illustrated for each depth and year.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Total soil N concentration for the 0- to 7.5-, 7.5- to 15-, and 15- to 30-cm depths in control and biosolids-amended post-fire study plots at the Buffalo Creek wildfire site for 1997 through 2001. Significant (P < 0.05) regression curves and equations are illustrated for each depth and year.