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Nitrite Formation and Nitrous Oxide Emissions as Affected by Reclaimed Effluent Application

^a The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
^b Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in mineral N concentrations in reclaimed effluent (RE) soil irrigated with a five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) of 60 mg L–1 in Experiment 1. Data represent means and standard deviations (n = 3) or are smaller than symbols.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in NO2– concentrations in Experiments (a) 1, (b) 2, and (c) 3. Experiments 1 and 3 were performed at moisture contents of 40 and 60%, respectively. Nitrite did not occur in Experiments 1 and 3 after Day 6. Error bars are the standard errors of the means (n = 3) in all incubations except in Experiment 3 in the bulk soil where the values are averaged for 15NO3–– and 15NH4+–labeled treatments (n = 6).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The enrichments of NH4+, NO3–, NO2–, and N2O during Experiment 3 in the bulk soil irrigated and labeled with (a) fresh water (FW) and 15NO3–, (b) FW and 15NH4+, (c) reclaimed effluent (RE) and 15NO3–, and (d) RE and 15NH4+. Error bars are the standard errors of the means (n = 3) or are smaller than symbols.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in pH values in fresh water (FW) and reclaimed effluent (RE) soil during Experiment 1. The values in RE soil are averaged for irrigation with FW; five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) = 30, 60, and 100 mg L–1 (n = 4).

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Nitrous oxide fluxes in Experiment 3 from (a) bulk soil labeled either with NH4+ or NO3– and (b) big and small aggregates labeled with NO3–. Error bars are the standard errors of the means (n = 3) or are smaller than symbols.