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Effect of Cry3Bb Transgenic Corn and Tefluthrin on the Soil Microbial Community

Biomass, Activity, and Diversity

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Rainfall distribution at the study site from planting (Day of Year 140; 20 May) to anthesis sampling (Day of Year 232; 20 August) in 2001 and 2002.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of corn rootworm (CRW)-resistant transgenic corn engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt) and the insecticide tefluthrin (I) on microbial respiration in bulk (B; open symbols) and rhizosphere (R; closed symbols) soil sampled at anthesis in 2001 and 2002. The 2002 rhizosphere respiration for Bt and non-transgenic isoline (NoBt) is estimated by a solid line; that for NoBt + I is estimated by a dotted line. Rhizosphere data were not available in 2001. Error bars represent one standard deviation from the mean.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Principal components (PC) analysis to compare presence of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) in corn rootworm (CRW) transgenic corn engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt), the non-transgenic isoline (NoBt), and the non-transgenic isoline with tefluthrin (NoBt + I) in 2001 and 2002 after digestion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with (a) HhaI, (b) MspI, and (c) RsaI. Bulk and rhizosphere samples were pooled for this analysis.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Principal components (PC) analysis to compare relative abundance of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) in corn rootworm (CRW) transgenic corn engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt), the non-transgenic isoline (NoBt), and the non-transgenic isoline with tefluthrin (NoBt + I) in 2001 and 2002 after digestion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with (a) HhaI, (b) MspI, and (c) RsaI. Bulk and rhizosphere samples were pooled for this analysis.