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Phosphorus Removal in a Wetland Constructed on Former Arable Land

^a Department of Environmental Sciences, Research and Development Unit of Environmental Health, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN 70211, Kuopio, Finland
^b Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FIN 00251, Helsinki, Finland
^c North Ostrobothnia Regional Environment Centre, P.O. Box 124, FIN 90101, Oulu, Finland
^d University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, FIN 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic image of the Hovi wetland. Surface soil and subsoil samples were taken before construction of the wetland from idle meadow area (1 and 2) and actively cultivated area (3, 4, and 5). The term A represents deep water sediment samples, while B is littoral sediment samples.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Amount of P in various fractions in the soil samples (1–5) before the construction in various parts of the constructed wetland (CW) (see Fig. 1). (A) Total P (H2SO4–P in ignited samples), (B) organic P, (C) inorganic P, (D) NH4F-soluble "Al bound P," (E) NaOH-soluble "Fe bound P," and (F) acid-soluble "Ca bound P." Closed symbols (1, 2) present idle meadow and open symbols (3, 4, 5) present the actively cultivated area.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Amount of (A) Alox and (B) Feox in the soil samples before the construction from various parts of the constructed wetland (CW) (see Fig. 1). Closed symbols (1, 2) present idle meadow and open symbols (3, 4, 5) present the actively cultivated area.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Inflowing water dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentration (dots) and equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC0) of the soil samples (horizontal lines) taken from the wetland area to be constructed. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier from Ecological Engineering, 20:91–105.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Monthly averages of (A) flux of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) vs. input DRP concentration, (B) flux of DRP vs. runoff, (C) DRP removal percentage vs. input DRP concentration, and (D) DRP removal percentage vs. runoff in the wetland in situ.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (A) Flux of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and (B) DRP removal percentage in various wetland sediments with oxic and anoxic water flow studied in the laboratory microcosm.