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Optimizing Phosphorus Characterization in Animal Manures by Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793N. 3600E., Kimberly, ID 83341

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Phosphorus recovery (%) from animal manures in alkaline extracts containing 0.25 M NaOH and varying concentrations of EDTA (mM). Manures were extracted for 16 h at 20°C.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of extraction time on P recovery (%) from animal manures in 0.5 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Comparison of solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 0.25 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA extracts of the three manures. Spectra are plotted using line broadening of 0.5 Hz (broiler litter), 1 Hz (swine manure), and 4 Hz (cattle manure).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of alkaline extracts of broiler litter extracted with different concentrations of NaOH (0.15, 0.25, and 0.50 M), and a constant concentration of 50 mM EDTA. All spectra are plotted using a line broadening of 0.5 Hz and scaled to the full height of the orthophosphate signal.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of alkaline extracts of swine manure extracted with different concentrations of NaOH (0.15, 0.25, and 0.50 M), and a constant concentration of 50 mM EDTA. All spectra are plotted using a line broadening of 1.0 Hz, except for the inset spectrum of the 0.50 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA extract, which was plotted using a line broadening of 0.3 Hz to preserve the enhanced resolution obtained for this spectrum. The main spectra are scaled to show the largest orthophosphate monoester signal as 75% of the full height of the figure.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of alkaline extracts of cattle manure extracted with different concentrations of NaOH (0.15, 0.25, and 0.50 M), and a constant concentration of 50 mM EDTA. The main spectra are plotted using a line broadening of 4 Hz, while inset spectra are plotted using line broadening of 1 Hz for the 0.15 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA extract, 2 Hz for the 0.25 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA extract, and 4 Hz for the 0.50 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA extract. The main spectra are scaled to show the largest orthophosphate monoester signal as 75% of the full height of the figure.