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Predicting Cadmium Concentrations in Wheat and Barley Grain Using Soil Properties

^a Agriculture and Environment Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
^b ADAS Gleadthorpe Research Centre, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire NG20 9PF, UK

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cadmium concentrations in wheat and barley grain from the nationwide paired soil and crop surveys. (a) Frequency distribution of wheat grain Cd, (b) box-plot of wheat grain Cd, (c) frequency distribution of barley grain Cd, and (d) box-plot of barley grain Cd.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relationship between soil total Cd and the concentrations of Cd in (a) wheat grain and (b) barley grain from the nationwide paired soil and crop surveys.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between soil total Cd and the concentrations of Cd in (a) wheat grain and (b) barley grain in two long-term sewage sludge experiments.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between observed and fitted values of Cd concentrations in wheat grain. Fitted values were calculated from the regression models including (a) total soil Cd and pH as variables as in Eq. [1] for the paired soil and crop surveys; (b) total soil Cd, pH, and cultivar terms for the paired soil and crop surveys; (c) total soil Cd and pH as variables as in Eq. [2] for the two long-term sewage sludge experiments; and (d) total soil Cd and pH as variables as in Eq. [3] for the combined data set.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between observed and fitted values of Cd concentrations in barley grain. Fitted values were calculated from the regression models including (a) total soil Cd and pH as variables as in Eq. [4] for spring barley in the two long-term sewage sludge experiments and (b) total soil Cd, pH, and cultivar terms for winter barley in the paired soil and crop surveys.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Predicted Cd concentration in wheat grain as influenced by total soil Cd and pH. Vertical bars represent 95% confidence intervals.