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Biological Degradation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Pre-Storage of Liquid Animal Manure

^a Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Research Center Bygholm, P.O. Box 536, DK-8700 Horsens, Denmark
^b Biocentrum-DTU, The Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. The dimensions of the outer tube (dynamic chamber) were 104 mm x 100 cm and the dimensions of the inner tube (passive chamber) were 44 mm x 75 cm. The term Q is the airflow through the vessel.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) content and pH in columns with mixtures of feces, urine, and inoculum kept at 15 and 20°C, respectively. Open squares, cattle manure stored at 15°C; open circles, pig manure stored at 15°C; solid squares, cattle manure stored at 20°C; solid circles, pig manure stored at 20°C. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Distribution of the volatile fatty acids (VFA) content in pig and cattle manure at different storage times kept at 15 and 20°C, respectively.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from pig manure calculated with Eq. [1] and [2]. All registrations from subsurface and surface are average from 24 observations from three vessels. Emissions from only subsurface are average from three vessels during the period between emptying the static chamber. Circles, CH4 emissions from surface and subsurface; squares, CO2 emissions from surface and subsurface; solid line, CH4 or CO2 emissions from subsurface.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from cattle manure calculated with Eq. [1] and [2]. All registrations from subsurface and surface are average from 24 observations from three vessels. Emissions from only subsurface are average from three vessels during the period between emptying the static chamber. Circles, CH4 emissions from surface and subsurface; squares, CO2 emissions from surface and subsurface; solid line, CH4 or CO2 emissions from subsurface.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Carbon emissions in the subsurface phase (mainly anaerobic) expressed in percentage of total emissions (anaerobic and aerobic emissions in the subsurface phase and in the surface layer). Anaerobic emissions (subsurface) are measured with Eq. [2], and total emissions are measured with Eq. [1]. Squares, 20°C; circles, 15°C.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The percentage losses in the ultimate methane yield that can be achieved from manure by anaerobic digestion LBo(t). For the observations at Day 5, only 50% of the manure has been added, and this is taken into account in the calculations. Average retention time at Day 5 is 2.5 d. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. The percentage losses in the ultimate methane yield that can be achieved from manure by anaerobic digestion LBo(t) and methane conversion factor (methane recovered/methane potential Bo).