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Modeling Organic Carbon Dynamics and Cadmium Fate in Long-Term Sludge-Amended Soil

Department of Soil Sciences, SLU, Box 7014, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the model. Boxes indicate "pools," arrows indicate flows, and dashed lines show links or interactions between pools.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Comparison of measured adsorption Kd values for the Ultuna control plots with values predicted from Eq. [16] where ß = 1.422 L mmolc–1, pHref = 6.5, and a = 0.497. The r2 value of the regression is 0.93.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Comparison of measured and simulated organic carbon content in sludge-amended soil, Ultuna, 1956–1997. The zero depth in the soil profile (marked by a dashed line) is given as the base of the topsoil in 1956, since the topsoil thickness changes with time.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Comparison of measured and simulated increases in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-extractable Cd contents in sludge-amended soil, Ultuna, 1956–1997. The zero depth (marked by a dashed line) is given as the base of the topsoil in 1956, since the topsoil thickness changes with time.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Simulated mass fractions in the topsoil.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Simulated plant Cd concentrations. Figures on the curves denote the ratio of sludge Kd to the initial soil Kd value.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Simulated plant Cd concentrations. Figures on the curves denote the Cd concentration in sludge in mg kg–1.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Simulated plant Cd concentrations. Figures on the curves denote the proportion of sludge Kd contributed by the inorganic components. The arrow denotes cessation of sludge applications.