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Assessment of a ¹⁵N Isotopic Method to Indicate Anthropogenic Eutrophication in Aquatic Ecosystems

^a Save the Bay, 434 Smith St., Providence, RI 02908
^b Boston Univ. Marine Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
^c Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, MA 02543
^d Dauphin Island Sea Lab, P.O. Box 369-370, Dauphin Island, AL 36528
^e USEPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
^f Univ. de São Paulo, Inst. Oceanográfico, Cidade Univ., Butantã SP, Brazil

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Map of North and South America showing locations used in this study. Subestuaries and freshwater ponds of Cape Cod, Great Bay, Narragansett Bay, and Apalachicola Bay are given in Table 1. The number in parentheses indicates number of estuaries or ponds used for each area. If no number is provided, only one estuary was used for that location.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Wastewater as a percentage of total N load modeled with the N-loading model of Valiela et al. (1997)(2000) vs. 15N of all species from all ponds and estuaries of study. (b) Water-column dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations vs. 15N of all species from all ponds and estuaries of study. 15N values are means of all sampling dates, and error bars represent standard error.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Wastewater as a percentage of total N load as calculated with the N-loading model of Valiela et al. (1997)(2000) vs. 15N of macrophytes used in this study divided into groupings of macroalgae and plants. (b) Mean annual water-column dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations vs. 15N of macrophytes used in study divided into groupings of macroalgae and plants.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (a) Wastewater as a percentage of total N load as calculated with the N-loading model of Valiela et al. (1997)(2000) vs. 15N of Spartina alterniflora for two geographic groups of ponds and estuaries: Cape Cod (CC) and Rhode Island (RI). (b) Mean annual water-column dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations vs. 15N of macrophytes grouped in four geographic regions. 15N values are means of all sampling dates, and error bars represent standard error.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Wastewater as a percentage of total N load as calculated with the N-loading model of Valiela et al. (1997)(2000) vs. particulate organic matter (POM) 15N for six sites of present study, three sites of McClelland et al. (1997) and McClelland and Valiela (1998), and six Narragansett Bay estuaries. (b) Mean annual water-column dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations vs. POM 15N for sites in Cape Cod (CC), New Hampshire (NH), Florida (FL), U.S. West Coast (WC), and Brazil (BR). 15N values are means of all sampling dates, and error bars represent standard error.