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Biogeochemistry of Fluoride in a Plant–Solution System

Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology Dep., Utah State Univ., Logan UT 84322-4820

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Complexing agent and F effects on rice relative growth rate (RGR) in Study 1. Least significant difference (LSD0.05) was used to compare treatment means. HA, humic acid; HEDTA, N-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid; NC, no complexing agent.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. In Study 2 a linear relationship exists between total plant biomass and solution F, as measured with an ion selective electrode. Each data point represents one observation.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Solution F and complexing agent effects on nutrient solution Ca concentration over time in Study 1. HA, humic acid; HEDTA, N-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid. Least significant difference (LSD0.05) was used to compare treatments. Measurable Ca tended to decline with increasing solution F or if HA was included in the solution.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Solution F and complexing agent effects on nutrient solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) over time in Study 1. HA, humic acid; HEDTA, N-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid. Least significant difference (LSD0.05) was used to compare treatment means. With increasing solution F, more HA remained in solution, likely due to a decrease in HA–Ca flocculation. Carbon in the HEDTA treatment came from the chelate.

View larger version (172K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of (a) oven-dried rice root segments from the 2 mM F and (b) the 2 mM F + 2x Ca treatments, respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray digital dot maps represent root surface Ca and F, respectively.