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Contribution of Particulate Phosphorus to Runoff Phosphorus Bioavailability

^a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FIN-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
^b Finnish Environment Inst., P.O. Box 140, FIN-00251, Helsinki, Finland
^c Helsinki Univ. of Technology, Lab. of Water Resources Engineering, P.O. Box 5200, FIN-02015, Espoo, Finland

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationships between concentrations of particulate phosphorus (PP) and anion exchange resin-extractable particulate phosphorus (AER-PP), and between PP and bicarbonate-dithionite-extractable particulate phosphorus (BD-PP). Also shown is the average concentration of dissolved molybdate-reactive P (dotted horizontal line) in field runoff.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Losses via surface runoff (S; white bars) and drainflow (D; gray bars) of dissolved molybdate-reactive phosphorus (DRP), anion exchange resin-extractable particulate phosphorus (AER-PP), and bicarbonate-dithionite-extractable particulate phosphorus (BD-PP) at Jokioinen. Each bar represents one year of study. The error bars for AER-PP and BD-PP loss estimates represent 95% prediction intervals; DRP losses were summed from measured values, hence, do not include prediction uncertainty (and no error bars are shown). Inserted are the surface and subsurface runoff volumes during the years of the study.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Losses via surface runoff (Weir S2; white bars) and drains (Weir D3 and Weir D4, gray and black bars, respectively; weir numbers are the same as used by Paasonen-Kivekäs et al., 1999) of dissolved molybdate-reactive phosphorus (DRP), anion exchange resin-extractable particulate phosphorus (AER-PP), and bicarbonate-dithionite-extractable particulate phosphorus (BD-PP) at Sjökulla. The error bars for AER-PP and BD-PP loss estimates represent 95% prediction intervals; DRP loss estimates are based on measured concentrations and flow (hence, no prediction intervals). Inserted are the surface and subsurface runoff volumes during the days when runoff was sampled for analyses, corresponding to 45%, 29%, and 64% of total runoff for S2, D3, and D4, respectively; study period: 1 Jan. to 31 Dec. 1998.