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Electromagnetic Induction Methods Applied to an Abandoned Manure Handling Site to Determine Nutrient Buildup

USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Biological Engineering Research Unit, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933

View larger version (156K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Electromagnetic survey (apparent soil electrical conductivity [ECa] map) of an abandoned compost site. The subsection used for detailed study, Site I, including two former compost rows, is shown within the dashed lines. Site II is a coring site, and lines 1 and 2 are former compost row locations based on compost operation records and local landmarks. (Adjusted northing = northing - 4487000; adjusted easting = easting - 570000)

View larger version (143K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The layout of a 20- x 20-m subsection (Site I) of the former compost area. The 1997 apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) map is shown overlaid on the coring grid. Coring Rows B and D are based on known row locations; A, C, and E are located between the rows. (Adjusted northing = northing - 4487000; adjusted easting = easting - 570000)

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Plots of constituents (1997 data) that show significant effect of "on-row" versus "between-row" locations at shallow depths (solid symbol indicates significant difference [P < 0.05]) but with trends toward little effect at increasing depths. (Adjusted northing = northing - 4487000; adjusted easting = easting - 570000)

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Soil core data for cores taken in 1993, 1996, and 1999 showing Cl and NO3–N concentrations with depth at Site II (Fig. 1).

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) maps obtained using 1997 (top graph), 1998 (middle), and 1999 (bottom) data, based on EM38 operated in the horizontal mode. Note that by 1999 little ECa delineation of rows is evident.

View larger version (79K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Map differences obtained by subtracting 1997 reference apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) grid data from 1998 (top graph) and 1999 ECa grid data (bottom). Darker areas show relative decrease in ECa suggesting mechanical movement of the nutrients, as well as biological relocation.