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Manure History and Long-Term Tillage Effects on Soil Properties and Phosphorus Losses in Runoff

^a Department of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1299
^b School of Agriculture, 808 Pioneer Tower, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI 53818-3099

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Manure history effect on Bray P1–extractable soil P levels at three depth increments (0–2, 2–5, and 5–15 cm) in a long-term chisel plow system at Madison, Wisconsin, 2001. None, no manure; 1995 & 1998 and 1996 & 1999, manure applied only in these two years; 1994 to 1999, manure applied annually for six years during this period. Standard error bars are provided for replicate soil test P values.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relationship between Bray P1–extractable soil P level (0–2 cm) and dissolved P, bioavailable P, and total P loads in runoff in a long-term chisel plow system at Madison, Wisconsin, 2001.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Manure history and long-term tillage effects on Bray P1–extractable soil P levels at three depth increments (0–2, 2–5, and 5–15 cm) at Lancaster, Wisconsin, 2000. CP-, long-term (annually since 1993) chisel plow without a manure history, NT-, long-term no-till without a manure history; CP+, long-term chisel plow with a manure history (applied annually from 1993 to 1997); NT+, long-term no-till with a manure history. Standard error bars are provided for replicate soil test P values.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationships between surface corn residue cover and runoff without (-) and with (+) a history of manure application (1993–1997) at Lancaster, Wisconsin, 2000.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationships between Bray P1–extractable soil P level (0–2 cm) and dissolved P, bioavailable P, and total P loads in runoff in long-term chisel plow and no-till systems at Lancaster, Wisconsin, 2000.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationships between surface corn residue cover and dissolved P, bioavailable P, and total P loads in runoff without (-) and with (+) a history of manure application (1993–1997) at Lancaster, Wisconsin, 2000.