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Competitive Degradation between the Fumigants Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene in Unamended and Amended Soils

^a USDA Agricultural Research Service, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507
^b Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Influence of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) (0.4 mmol/kg) on the degradation of chloropicrin (CP) in nonsterile Arlington sandy loam at 30 ± 0.5°C. The points are the means of three measurements (±standard errors).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Influence of chloropicrin (CP) on the degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in nonsterile Arlington sandy loam at 30 ± 0.5°C. Initial CP concentration applied was 0.1 mmol/kg. The points are the means of three measurements (±standard errors).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Degradation of chloropicrin (CP) in unamended and amended Arlington sandy loam (amendments added at 0.5 mmol/kg). The points are the means of three measurements (±standard errors).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mass spectrum of metabolite (dichloronitromethane) from degradation of chloropicrin (CP) in amended soil [83 (M+–NO2), 48 (M+–NO2–Cl)].

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) (0.4 mmol/kg) on the degradation constant rate k (h-1) of chloropicrin (CP) (0.1 mmol/kg) in amended Arlington sandy loam (amendments added at 0.5 mmol/kg). Vertical bars are the standard error of k.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Competitive degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) isomers in amended Arlington sandy loam (amendments added at 0.5 mmol/kg). Initial chloropicrin (CP) and 1,3-D applied concentrations were 0.1 and 0.4 mmol/kg, respectively. The points are the means of three measurements (±standard errors).

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Influence of chloropicrin (CP) (0.1 mmol/kg) on the degradation constant rate (k x 102 h-1) of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) (0.2 mmol/kg cis-1,3-D, 0.2 mmol/kg trans-1,3-D) in amended Arlington sandy loam (amendments added at 0.5 mmol/kg). Vertical bars are the standard error of k.