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Enhancing Metolachlor Destruction Rates with Aluminum and Iron Salts during Zerovalent Iron Treatment

^a Department of Environmental Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 10900
^b School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 256 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of Al and iron salts on Fe0–mediated destruction of metolachlor. Salts were added on an equal mass basis (0.5 g or 0.5% w/v) with 12.5 g unannealed Fe0 to treat 100 mL of metolachlor solution (400 mg L-1). Rate constants were obtained from first-order fitted equations.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Temporal changes in metolachlor, Al, and Fe(II) concentrations and pH following treatment with Fe0 + Al2(SO4)3 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Experimental protocol included 12.5 g Fe0, 0.5 g Al2(SO4)3, and 100 mL of metolachlor solution (400 mg L-1).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Color changes in metolachlor–Fe0 suspensions following treatment with 5% annealed Fe0 (w/v), 1% FeSO4, and 0.5% Al2(SO4)3.

View larger version (121K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy of (A) aqueous suspension and (B) iron surface following 2 h treatment of metolachlor solution (400 mg L-1) with 5% (w/v) annealed Fe0 + 1% FeSO4 + 0.5% Al2(SO4)3. Bars on photographs are scaled to approximately 1 µm.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Comparison of annealed versus unannealed iron in removing metolachlor with salt-amended iron treatments and Eh and pH changes following annealed iron treatments. SHE, standard hydrogen electrode.

View larger version (146K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Scanning electron microscope photos of the (A) annealed and (B) unannealed Fe0 surfaces.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Treatment of aqueous and contaminated soil slurries with 5% (w/v) Fe0 + 1% FeSO4 + 0.5% Al2(SO4)3 under constant pH. Rate constants were obtained from first-order fitted equations.