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Kerogen in Aquifer Material and Its Strong Sorption for Nonionic Organic Pollutants

^a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510640, China
^b Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C-NMR) spectrum for the isolated and purified soil and sediment organic matter (SOM).

View larger version (125K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Photographic illustration of the isolated and purified soil and sediment organic matter (SOM). (a) Organic (opaque) and inorganic (transparent) matter observed under microscope (transmitted mode) (width of photo = 101 mm). (b) Tubular kerogen particle consisting of cell wall (light fluorescence) and nonfluorescent vitrinite (black) (81 mm). (c) Laminated algae-like organic particles having light fluorescence (81 mm). (d) Amorphous bituminite (81 mm). (e) Angular vitrinite (dark) encapsulated in amorphous bituminite matrices (51 mm). (f) Amorphous bituminite, liptodetrinite, and sporinite, and black tubular and angular vitrinite (black) (81 mm). (g) Fusinite or black carbon particle (reflect mode) (gray-dark) (51 mm). (h) Nonfluorescent tubular vitrinite (black) surrounded by liptodetrinite (strips) (81 mm). (i) Angular vitrinite having reflectance (Ro) of 0.7% (reflected mode) (81 mm).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sorption isotherms measured for Borden, Ontario sand: (a) phenanthrene, (b) naphthalene, (c) 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB), and (d) 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Symbols and dashed lines represent data points and the best fit of each sorbent–sorbate data set to the Freundlich equation, respectively. Ce, aqueous-phase concentration; KF, Freundlich capacity parameter; n, isotherm linearity factor; qe, sorbent-phase concentration.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Sorption isotherms measured for the isolated soil and sediment organic matter (SOM): (a) phenanthrene, (b) naphthalene, (c) 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB), and (d) 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Symbols and dashed lines represent data points and the best fit of each sorbent–sorbate data set to the Freundlich sorption equation. Ce, aqueous-phase concentration; KF, Freundlich capacity parameter; n, isotherm linearity factor; qe, sorbent-phase concentration.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effects of hydrophobicity of the tested organic solutes on their (a) isotherm linearity (n) and (b) single-point organic carbon–normalized sorption capacities (Koc) measured for the isolated soil and sediment organic matter (SOM). Ce, aqueous-phase concentration; Cs, aqueous solubility; Kow, octanol–water partition coefficient.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Phenanthrene sorption isotherms measured for the (a) original, HCl- and (b) light organic carbon (OC)–free materials from Borden, Ontario. Ce, aqueous-phase concentration; KF, Freundlich capacity parameter; n, isotherm linearity factor; qe, sorbent-phase concentration.