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Mineralization of Soil-Aged Isoproturon and Isoproturon Metabolites by Sphingomonas sp. Strain SRS2

Helle Johannesen, Sebastian R. Sørensen and Jens Aamand*

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Dep. of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark



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  		Fig. 1. Molecular structure of (A) isoproturon (IPU), (B) monodesmethyl-isoproturon (MDIPU), and (C) 4-isopropyl-aniline (4IA).

 


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  		Fig. 2. Initial mineralization of (A) 14C-isoproturon (IPU), (B) 14C-monodesmethyl-isoproturon (MDIPU), and (C) 14C-4-isopropyl-aniline (4IA) aged for 1 (crosses), 49 (closed triangles), 71 (open squares), or 131 (closed squares) d and inoculated with Sphingomonas sp. strain SRS2. Note that the ordinate scales differ. The values are the mean of two or three replicates. The vertical bars indicate ±1 SD.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Distribution of 14C derived from aged (A) 14C-isoproturon (IPU), (B) 14C-monodesmethyl-isoproturon (MDIPU), and (C) 14C-4-isopropyl-aniline (4IA) in uninoculated soils, showing water-extractable 14C (checkered), NaOH-extractable 14C (black), or nonextractable 14C (white). The numbers on columns indicate the percentage of initially added 14C. The values are the mean of three replicates except for soil with IPU aged for 131 d, which is the mean of two replicates. The vertical bars indicate ±1 SD of the total recovery of 14C.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Desorption of (A) 14C-isoproturon (IPU), (B) 14C-monodesmethyl-isoproturon (MDIPU), and (C) 14C-4-isopropyl-aniline (4IA). Each figure shows the sorbed 14C in percent of initially sorbed 14C versus time for initial concentrations of 0.5 (crosses), 1.0 (closed triangles), 5.0 (open triangles), 10.0 (closed squares), and 25.0 mg L-1 (open squares). The values are the mean of two or three replicates. The vertical bars indicate ±1 SD.

 




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