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Use of Additives to Enhance the Removal of Phenols from Water Treated with Horseradish and Hydrogen Peroxide

Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry, Center for Bioremediation and Detoxification, The Pennsylvania State Univ., 129 Land and Water Building, University Park, PA 16802

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Time-course of the 2,4-DCP removal by horseradish in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular weight = 2000) or Tween 20. Reaction mixture volume = 5 mL; horseradish amount = 0.02 g; 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) concentration = 9 mM; H2O2 concentration = 9 mM; PEG and Tween 20 concentrations = 0.1 g/L; pH = 7.0; incubation temperature = 25°C.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) removal by horseradish. Reaction mixture volume = 5 mL; horseradish amount = 0.02 g; 2,4-DCP concentration = 9 mM; H2O2 concentration = 9 mM; PEG concentration = 0.1 g/L; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular weight = 2000) on the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) removal by horseradish at varying concentrations of 2,4-DCP and H2O2. Reaction mixture volume = 5 mL; horseradish amount = 0.02 g; ratio of 2,4-DCP to H2O2 concentrations (mM) = 1:1; PEG concentration = 0.1 g/L; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular weight = 2000) concentration on the removal of selected phenolic pollutants by horseradish. Reaction mixture volume = 5 mL; horseradish amount = 0.02 g; pollutant concentration = 9 mM; H2O2 concentration = 9 mM; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The effect of chitosan gel on visible spectra of the horseradish-treated water. Reaction mixture volume = 10 mL; horseradish amount = 0.3 g enclosed between two 30- x 40-mm chitosan films of a total mass of about 100 mg (dry weight); 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) concentration = 9 mM; H2O2 concentration = 18 mM; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C. The standard error for triplicate absorbance measurements ranged from 0.003 to 0.033.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The effect of chitosan gel on the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) removal by horseradish. Reaction mixture volume = 10 mL; horseradish amount = 0.3 g enclosed between two 30- x 40-mm chitosan films of a total mass of about 100 mg (dry weight); 2,4-DCP concentration = 9 mM; H2O2 concentration = 18 mM; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The time course of color removal by activated carbon (Filtrasorb 400; 0.01 g/mL) following the horseradish treatment. Reaction mixture volume = 110 mL; horseradish amount = 5.5 g; 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) concentration = 1 mM; H2O2 concentration = 1 mM; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. The effect of the amount of various activated carbons on color removal after horseradish treatment. Reaction mixture volume = 10 mL; horseradish amount = 5.5 g; 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) concentration = 1 mM; H2O2 concentration = 1 mM; pH = 7.0; incubation time = 3 h; incubation temperature = 25°C.