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Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions and Mineral Nitrogen Transformations as Affected by Reclaimed Effluent Application

^a The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
^b Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The N2O flux from the Grumosol lysimeters irrigated with fresh water (FW) or reclaimed effluent (RE) and labeled either with 15NO3 or 15NH4. Data represent means and standard deviations (n = 3).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The fraction of the flux attributed to either nitrification or denitrification, the apparent enrichment of the denitrifying pool (ap), and the N2O atom % excess at each sampling time in lysimeters labeled with 15NO3 and irrigated with (a) fresh water (FW) and (b) reclaimed effluent (RE). Data represent means and standard deviations (n = 3).

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The (a) N2 and (b) N2O fluxes from the Grumosol soil during the laboratory experiment. The N2O fluxes are shown for both field-capacity and saturation moisture contents, whereas the N2 fluxes are shown for 15N labeled NO3 saturated treatment. Data represent means and standard deviations (n = 3 and 6 for N2 and N2O, respectively).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The NH4, NO3, and N2O enrichments in soil incubated under saturated conditions with (a) fresh water (FW) labeled with 15NO3, (b) FW labeled with 15NH4, (c) reclaimed effluent (RE) labeled with 15NO3, and (d) RE labeled with 15NH4. Error bars represent the standard deviations (n = 3) or are smaller than symbols.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The NO2 concentrations in fresh water (FW)– and reclaimed effluent (RE)–irrigated soil at field-capacity and saturation moisture contents. Data represent means and standard deviations (n = 6).