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A Biotest for Evaluating Copper Bioavailability to Plants in a Contaminated Soil

ENSA.M-INRA, UMR Rhizosphère & Symbiose, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cropping device used (i) during the first step of the biotest (hydroponic preculture period) to obtain a dense mat of roots and (ii) during the hydroponic experiment.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Cropping device used during the second step of the biotest, that is, soil experiment with plants being grown on top of a thin layer of soil.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Dry biomass of shoots (a) and roots (b) expressed as g per container (per 10 plants), and Cu concentrations (mg kg-1 dry matter) of shoots (c) and roots (d) as a function of Cu concentration in the nutrient solution (µM) in the hydroponic experiment. Open symbols stand for values of preculture plants. Corresponding free Cu ion concentrations (µM) as calculated from the SOILCHEM computer code (Sposito and Coves, 1988) are also indicated. Mean values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) as measured by the Ryan–Einot–Gabriel–Welsch–Range test.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Concentrations (a) and amounts (b) of Cu in plant shoots and roots expressed as mg kg-1 dry matter and µg per container (per 10 plants), respectively. NS and H2O stand for nutrient solution and deionized water treatments, respectively. Percentages of total root Cu bound to root cell walls are indicated in (a). Mean values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) as measured by the Ryan–Einot–Gabriel–Welsch–Range test.