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Nitrate Distributions and Source Identification in the Abbotsford–Sumas Aquifer, Northwestern Washington State

^a Geology Dep., 516 High Street, Western Washington Univ., Bellingham, WA 98225-9080
^b USGS, WRD, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046
^c State of Idaho Dep. of Environmental Quality, 2110 Ironwood Parkway, Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Location of the Abbotsford–Sumas Aquifer, the British Columbia (Canada) study area, and the northwestern Washington (USA) study area.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Detail of the Abbotsford–Sumas Aquifer in northwestern Washington, and domestic well and surface water sampling sites in the northwestern Washington study area.

View larger version (66K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Land use in the northwestern Washington study area and the associated median nitrate concentration values (mg N L-1) at the domestic well sampling locations and two surface water sites. Nitrate concentrations are proportional to the size of the well symbol. Individual well numbers are shown by the well symbols.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Box plots of nitrate concentration (mg N L-1) with depth below the water table (DBWT). Well numbers with equivalent DBWT magnitudes are listed in the boxes. Horizontal dashed lines represent probable anthropogenic contamination (3 mg N L-1) and the 10 mg N L-1 maximum contaminant level (MCL).

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Land use in the northwestern Washington study area and associated nitrogen isotope ratios (15N) at nine well locations and two surface water sites in the northwestern Washington study area. Nitrogen isotope ratios are proportional to the size of the well symbol. Individual well numbers are shown by the well symbols.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Time series of nitrate concentrations (mg N L-1) measured at Well 9. "Historic" values were measured by the Washington State Department of Ecology and "current" values are from this study.