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Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET

^a School of Textiles, Soongsil Univ., 1-1 Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-743, Korea
^b Dep. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Values for pH, dry cell weight, and sulfate concentration during growth of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET at different initial pH values: (a) pH 2, (b) pH 4, (c) pH 8. Symbols: •, pH; , dry cell weight; , sulfate.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of initial pH on sulfur oxidation rate of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET. (a) Initial sulfur oxidation rate. (b) Average sulfur oxidation rate.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of inoculation of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET on pH reduction of sludge solution. Symbols: •, sterilized sludge; , nonsterilized sludge; , nonsterilized sludge with the inoculation of mixed sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; , nonsterilized sludge with the inoculation of A. thiooxidans MET.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Values for (a) pH, (b) redox potential (ORP), and (c) sulfate concentration at different sludge solids concentrations during microbial leaching with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET. Symbols: •, 20 g L-1; , 50 g L-1; , 90 g L-1; , 130 g L-1.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Concentration of heavy metals (g kg-1 dry sludge) solubilized at different sludge solids concentrations: (a) Zn, (b) Cu, (c) Cr, (d) Pb, (e) Ni, (f) Al. Symbols: •, 20 g L-1; , 50 g L-1; , 90 g L-1; , 130 g L-1.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between pH and removal efficiency of heavy metals at different sludge solids concentrations: (a) Zn, (b) Cu, (c) Cr, (d) Pb, (e) Ni, (f) Al. Symbols: •, 20 g L-1; , 50 g L-1; , 90 g L-1; , 130 g L-1.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relationship between sulfate concentration and concentration of heavy metals solubilized. Symbols: , Al; •, Zn; , Cu; , Ni; , Cr; , Pb.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Relationship between the concentration of leached metal in the solution and total metal content (solid) in the sludge: (a) Zn, (b) Cu, (c) Cr, (d) Pb, (e) Ni, (f) Al. Data sources: •, this study; , Sreekrishnan et al. (1993).