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Nutrient Transport in a Restored Riparian Wetland

^a Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dep., Univ. of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
^b Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The Dairy Wetland research site is located near Tifton, Georgia, within the Suwannee River basin of the U.S. Coastal Plain.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Topography and hydrography of the Dairy Wetland (shaded light gray) and the surrounding uplands. Elevations are given in meters above an arbitrary reference point. Berms along the northern edge of the Dairy Wetland route surface flow to a flume at the outlet.

View larger version (154K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Perspective view of the Dairy Wetland and the surrounding uplands showing how the three-zone riparian buffer system was implemented during restoration of the site.

View larger version (145K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Perspective view of the Dairy Wetland and the surrounding uplands showing the ground water monitoring well network consisting of 42 original shallow wells and 72 new wells (36 pairs of deep and shallow wells). The boundaries of the three zones are also shown.

View larger version (154K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Perspective view of the Dairy Wetland and the surrounding uplands showing the location of the paired 3.6-m collection gutters, the 12 low-impact flow event (LIFE) surface runoff collectors, the H-flume, and the boundaries of the three zones.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Map of the Dairy Wetland showing the contributing areas assigned to each well to calculate ground water loads and the surface runoff and ground water perimeter interface lengths. The map is superimposed on a shallow ground water nitrate contour map that is discussed later.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Surface map of mean NO3–N concentrations in the shallow ground water of the Dairy Wetland during winter (January–March) 1993. The data were collected with the original 63 shallow wells (0.1–0.8 m). A preferential flow path associated with past hydrologic modification allows nitrate to move much deeper into the wetland than expected. Similar maps were developed for autumn 1992 and spring 1993.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Surface map of mean seasonal NO3–N concentrations in the shallow ground water of the Dairy Wetland for the period of 1993–1999. The maps were created by pooling data from the 42 original shallow wells (0.1–0.8 m) and 36 new shallow (0.1–0.6 m) wells. The preferential flow path appears truncated.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Surface map of mean seasonal NO3–N concentrations in the shallow ground water of the eastern slope of the Dairy Wetland for the period of 1993–1999. The maps were created with data from the 36 deep wells (0.6–2.0 m). A preferential flow path originating from the southeast and eventually coinciding with the preferential flow path shown in Fig. 6 is clearly seen.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Surface map of mean seasonal NO3–N concentrations in the shallow ground water of the Dairy Wetland for the period 1993–1999. The maps were created by pooling data from the 42 original shallow wells (0.1–0.8 m) and 36 deep wells (0.6–2.0 m). This map shows preferential flow paths originating in the southwestern and southeastern areas of the Dairy Wetland.