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Analysis of Transgenic Indian Mustard Plants for Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Mine Tailings

^a Colorado State Univ., Biology Dep., A/Z Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523
^b Dep. of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94270

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Shoot metal concentrations for the five planted treatments at harvest. Shown values are the means and standard errors of 10 replicate pots (shoot material was pooled for each pot, dried, homogenized, and analyzed for metals). WT, wild-type Indian mustard; APS, adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase–overexpressing Indian mustard; GS, glutathione synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard; -ECS, -glutamylcysteine synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard. The letters above the bars indicate statistically significant groups (t test, compairing each pair, = 0.05).

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A) Plant shoot dry weight per pot for the five planted treatments. (B) Total metal in shoot per pot. Shown values are the means and standard errors of 10 replicate pots (shoot material was pooled from each pot). WT, wild-type Indian mustard; APS, adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase–overexpressing Indian mustard; GS, glutathione synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard; -ECS, -glutamylcysteine synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard. The letters above the bars indicate statistically significant groups (t test, compairing each pair, = 0.05).

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Root metal concentrations for the five planted treatments at harvest. Shown values are the means and standard error of 10 replicate pots (one root sample was taken per pot). WT, wild-type Indian mustard; APS, adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase–overexpressing Indian mustard; GS, glutathione synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard; -ECS, -glutamylcysteine synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard. The letters above the bars indicate statistically significant groups (t test, compairing each pair, = 0.05).

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Soil total metal concentrations at the beginning of the experiment (T0) and at harvest. Shown values are the means and standard error of 10 replicate pots (at harvest one sample was taken per pot after soil homogenization). Note: if error bars are not visible they were too small to be plotted. WT, wild-type Indian mustard; APS, adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase–overexpressing Indian mustard; GS, glutathione synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard; -ECS, -glutamylcysteine synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard. The letters above the bars indicate statistically significant groups (t test, compairing each pair, = 0.05).

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Fraction of soil total metal removed by each treatment, expressed as [(initial metal concentration - final metal concentration)/initial metal concentration] x 100%. Shown values are the means and standard errors of 10 replicate pots (after harvest one sample was taken from each pot after soil homogenization). WT, wild-type Indian mustard; APS, adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase–overexpressing Indian mustard; GS, glutathione synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard; -ECS, -glutamylcysteine synthetase–overexpressing Indian mustard. The letters above the bars indicate statistically significant groups (t test, compairing each pair, = 0.05).