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Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio and Composition of Microbial Fatty Acids in Tropical Soils

^a USEPA, National Exposure Research Lab, 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605
^b Dep. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^c Dep. of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
^d Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA-USP), Laboratorio de Biogeoquimica Ambiental, Av. Centenario 303 cep 13416.000, Piracicaba, SP Brasil

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plot of the first and second principal components (PCs) extracted from principal components analysis (PCA) of the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data from all soil samples. HF = Humuula (squares), Hawaii forest; HC90 = Humuula 90-yr-old sugarcane field; KF = Kalopa (diamonds), Hawaii forest; KP = Kalopa pasture; KC50 = Kalopa 50-yr-old sugarcane field; BF = Brazil (circles) forest; BC = Brazil sugarcane fields; EF = Ecuador (triangles) forest; EC = Ecuador sugarcane fields; EP = Ecuador pastures; G+ = Gram positive bacteria; G- = Gram negative bacteria; B = bacteria; F = fungi; P = protozoa; and A = actinomycetes. Symbol labels are: D = deeper sample; S = shallower sample; A and B in front of the depth designation correspond to the two replicates for the Ecuador ecosystems (triangles); and numbers in front of the depth designations indicate the ages of the Brazil sugarcane fields (open circles). Symbol fills: forest = black; pasture = gray; and sugarcane = open.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Plot of mean soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 13C for the upper 10 cm versus time since ecosystem conversion. Error bars are ± one standard deviation. Abbreviations, symbols, and fills the same as in Fig. 1. The equation was fit to the forest and sugarcane data only. Values of a in the equation are -13 and -14 for the Oxisol and Andisols trends, respectively. The numbers on the figure are values of k in the equation used to generate the Oxisol and Andisols curves.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Plot of mean soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 13C versus mean soil organic matter (SOM) 13C for samples from the upper 10 cm. Abbreviations, symbols, and fills the same as in Fig. 1. Error bars are ± one standard deviation. 1:1 line shown for reference.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Comparison of 13C of selected soil phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) from the upper 10 cm. Abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 1.