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Nitrogen Removal and Nitrate Leaching for Forage Systems Receiving Dairy Effluent

Kenneth R. Woodard^*,a, Edwin C. French^,a, Lewin A. Sweat^a, Donald A. Graetz^a, Lynn E. Sollenberger^a, Bisoondat Macoon^d, Kenneth M. Portier^b, Brett L. Wade^a, Stuart J. Rymph^a, Gordon M. Prine^a and Harold H. Van Horn^c

^a Soil and Water Science Dep., Univ. of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611
^b Statistics Dep., Univ. of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611
^c Animal Sciences Dep., Univ. of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611
^d Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center, MSU, Raymond, MS 39154

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Monthly average maximum and minimum daily temperatures (1961–1990) and daily total solar radiation (TSR; 1955–1987) recorded at the University of Florida's Green Acres Agronomy Farm near Gainesville, Florida. Green Acres is 40 km east of the study site.

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Weekly total rainfall distribution at the research site near Bell, Florida during four 12-mo cropping cycles: (a) 1996–1997, (b) 1997–1998, (c) 1998–1999, (d) 1999–2000.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sectional diagram of the dairy effluent sprayfield showing placement of mainplots, sprinklers, and changeover areas.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Monthly mean nitrate N concentration in soil water averaged over dairy effluent loading rates for the corn–forage sorghum–rye (CSR) and bermudagrass–rye (BR) systems during four 12-mo cycles near Bell, Florida. Within each cycle, annual mean concentrations for systems followed by a different letter are different (P < 0.01).

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Nitrate N concentration in soil water extracted from 1.5 m below the surface for the bermudagrass–rye system at three dairy effluent N loading rates during four 12-mo cropping cycles near Bell, Florida. Means within sampling date followed by the same corresponding letter are not different (P > 0.10). Nitrogen loading rates from each cycle are shown in Table 1.

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Nitrate N concentration in soil moisture extracted from 1.5 m below the surface for the corn–forage sorghum–rye system at three dairy effluent N loading rates during four 12-mo cropping cycles near Bell, Florida. Means within sampling date followed by the same corresponding letter are not different (P > 0.10). Nitrogen loading rates from each cycle are shown in Table 1.