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Application Technique and Slurry Co-Fermentation Effects on Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane Emissions after Spreading

I. Ammonia Volatilization

Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Time course of transfer factors and wind speed during the measuring period in the grassland experiment.

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Number of sampling periods with highest emissions measurements within the four replicates of the same treatment during the first 12 measurement periods. Each bar represents a plot; the arrangement of bars resembles the experimental layout. As an example for treatment arrangement, splash plate application is shaded grey.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Ammonia emission rates from arable land after spreading co-fermented slurry with different application techniques. Data represent means and standard deviation (n = 4).

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Cumulated NH3 losses after spreading co-fermented slurry with different application techniques to arable (a) and grassland (b). Data represent means and standard deviation (n = 4).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Cumulated NH3 losses after spreading co-fermented slurry and unfermented cattle slurry with trail hoses on arable (a) and grassland (b) sites.