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Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on Ammonia Removal by a Biofilter Seeded with Earthworm Casts

^a National Subsurface Environmental Research Laboratory, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
^b Dep. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Soongsil University, 1-1 Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-743, Korea
^c Research Institute of Biological and Environmental Technology, Biosanit Co., 600-16 Shinsa-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-120, Korea

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a laboratory-scale biofilter.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Time course of NH3 concentration on the biofilter inoculated with earthworm casts during acclimation period. The symbol • denotes inlet NH3 concentration (µL L-1), the solid line denotes average inlet NH3 concentration (µL L-1), and the symbol denotes outlet NH3 concentration (µL L-1).

View larger version (104K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrograph of (a) raw porous ceramics and (b) NH3–degrading bacteria immobilized on porous ceramics.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Ammonia removal efficiencies to the changes of space velocity (SV) at the inlet H2S concentrations ranging from 50 to 460 µL L-1. Ammonia concentration: (a) 100, (b) 200, (c) 400, (d) 600 µL L-1. Hydrogen sulfide concentration: , 50; , 100; , 220; , 460 µL L-1.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The relationship between inlet loading of NH3 and removal capacity of NH3 at different inlet H2S concentrations. Hydrogen sulfide concentration: •, 0; , 50; , 100; , 220; , 460 µL L-1.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The relationship between inlet loading of H2S and removal capacity of NH3 at different inlet NH3 concentrations. Ammonia concentration: •, 100; , 200; , 400; , 600 µL L-1.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Effect of H2S loading and NH3 loading on NH3 removal efficiency.