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Influence of Manure Application on Surface Energy and Snow Cover

Field Experiments

C. E. Kongoli*,a and W. L. Blandb

a NOAA/NESDIS/ORA, Atmospheric Research and Applications Division, 5200 Auth Rd., Rm. 601/WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
b Dep. of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Drive, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1299



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Fig. 1. Measured snow depth and standard deviation in the control and manured plot in 1998.

 


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Fig. 2. Measured snow depth and standard deviation in the control, patchy, and heavy plots in 1999 in (A) the south-facing site and (B) the northwest-facing site.

 


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Fig. 3. Measured equivalent water depth of snowpack and standard deviation in the control, patchy, and heavy plots during major melting of the snow in 1999 in (A) the south-facing site and (B) the northwest-facing site. Water equivalent depths clearly resembled snow depth changes.

 


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Fig. 4. Measured snow albedo in the control and manured plot in 1998, and in the control, patchy, and heavy plots in 1999 in the south-facing and northwest-facing sites.

 


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Fig. 5. Surface radiometric temperature measured midday in the control and manured plot in 1998 and in the control, patchy, and heavy plots in 1999 in the south-facing and northwest-facing sites.

 


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Fig. 6. Measured surface fluxes in the manured plot in 1998. (A) Measured conductive flux at the manure–snow and soil–snow interface. (B) Measured net long-wave and solar radiation. (C) Measured net radiation and energy available to the snow beneath the manure.

 


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Fig. 7. Measured surface fluxes in the heavy manured plot in 1999. (A) Measured conductive flux at the manure–snow and soil–snow interface. (B) Measured net long-wave and solar radiation. (C) Measured net radiation and energy available to the snow beneath the manure.

 





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The SCI Journals Agronomy Journal Crop Science
Vadose Zone Journal Journal of Plant Registrations
Journal of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences Education
Soil Science Society of America Journal
Copyright © 2002 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.