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Coupled Abiotic–Biotic Mineralization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Center for Hazardous Waste Remediation and Research, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-0904

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Diagram of experimental setup showing incremental use of results (arrows) between various stages of experimentation.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Degradation of aqueous TNT (0.22 mM) in dark- or light-Fenton reactions: dark, pH 3 (•); light, pH 3 (); light, pH 7 (Fe3+ to nitrilotriaceticacid [NTA] ratio = 1:1) (); dark, pH 7 (Fe3+ to NTA ratio = 1:1) (); light, pH 7 (Fe3+ to NTA ratio = 1:10) (); dark, pH 7 (Fe3+ to NTA ratio = 1:10) (). See text for description of dark- and light-Fenton reactions. Error bars on symbols indicate standard error of means (n = 3, P 0.05); where absent, bars fall within symbols.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mineralization of aqueous TNT (0.22 mM) in dark-Fenton reactions comparing abiotic with coupled abiotic–biotic treatments at high and low biomass (waste-activated sludge [WAS] or 2,4-dinitrophenol [DNP] biomass) concentrations: (A) pH 3, WAS biomass; (B) pH 3, DNP biomass; (C) pH 7, WAS biomass; (D) pH 7, DNP biomass. Abiotic reaction (•); high biomass concentration, either 467 mg WAS L-1 or 333 mg DNP L-1 (); low biomass concentration, either 93 mg WAS L-1 or 67 mg DNP L-1 (). Abiotic, pH 7, reactions conducted with Fe3+ to nitrilotriaceticacid (NTA) ratio = 1:1. Biotic reactions for (A) and (B) were conducted after solution neutralization. Error bars on symbols indicate standard error of means (n = 3, P 0.05); where absent, bars fall within symbols.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Biotic mineralization of aqueous TNT (0.22 mM) with two different biomasses, 467 mg waste-activated sludge (WAS) L-1 (•) and 333 mg 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) L-1 (). Error bars on symbols indicate standard error of means (n = 3, P 0.05); where absent, bars fall within symbols.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mineralization of aqueous TNT (0.22 mM) in light-Fenton reactions at pH 7 comparing abiotic with coupled abiotic–biotic treatments at high and low biomass (waste-activated sludge [WAS] or 2,4-dinitrophenol [DNP]) concentrations: (A) WAS biomass; (B) DNP biomass. Abiotic reaction (•); high biomass concentration, either 467 mg WAS L-1 or 333 mg DNP L-1 (); low biomass concentration, either 93 mg WAS L-1 or 67 mg DNP L-1 (). Abiotic reactions conducted with Fe3+ to nitrilotriaceticacid (NTA) ratio = 1:1. Error bars on symbols indicate standard error of means (n = 3, P 0.05); where absent, bars fall within symbols.