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Temperature and Wetland Plant Species Effects on Wastewater Treatment and Root Zone Oxidation

^a CH2M HILL, 555 South Flower Street, Suite 3550, Los Angeles, CA 90071
^b Dep. of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State Univ., P.O. Box 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717-3120
^c Dep. of Civil Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State Univ., P.O. Box 173900, Bozeman, MT 59717-3900

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Set greenhouse temperatures. Temperatures represent thermostatically set, mean daily operating temperatures. Data collected during August 1998 and January 1999 are discussed in this paper.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic of column design and water delivery system. Dechlorinated tap water was continually supplied to the reservoir tube.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations during incubations at 24 and 4°C. Symbols and bars represent means of four replicates ± one standard error. The two sets of symbols for Day 0 represent influent wastewater and samples taken from columns immediately after filling with fresh wastewater.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Sulfate concentration and redox potential (Eh) during incubations at 24 and 4°C. Symbols represent means of four replicates for SO2-4 and eight replicates for Eh (five for broadleaf cattail and controls at 24°C). Error bars represent ± one standard error. The two sets of symbols for SO2-4 on Day 0 represent influent wastewater and samples taken from columns immediately after filling with fresh wastewater.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and root zone oxidation status during incubations at 4°C. Mean values from Fig. 3 and 4 are combined to show consistencies among temporal patterns of COD, Eh, and SO2-4. Collectively, these results suggest that increased COD removal with beaked sedge and hardstem bulrush at low temperature reflects their greater ability to oxidize the root zone compared with broadleaf cattail and unplanted controls.