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Enzymatic Transformation and Binding of Labeled 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene to Humic Substances during an Anaerobic/Aerobic Incubation

^a Institut für Bodenkunde, Universität Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
^b LabAlliance, 349 N. Science Park Rd, State College, PA 16803
^c Lab. of Soil Biochemistry, The Pennsylvania State Univ., 129 Land and Water, University Park, PA 16802

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Transformation of 0.4 mM TNT (T) in the presence and absence of anaerobic microorganisms (M), laccase (L, from Trametes villosa), humic acid (H, from Hagerstown soil, 100 mg L-1), and catechol (C, 40 mM) after four days incubation at anaerobic conditions and subsequent two days of aerobic conditions, respectively.

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Distribution of radioactivity from 14C-labeled TNT over three fractions obtained from a sequential extraction procedure (see Materials and Methods; abbreviations see Fig. 1).

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Nitrogen-15-NMR spectra of (A) methanol extract from 2,4,6-15N-labeled TNT incubated for six days under anaerobic/aerobic conditions in the presence of anaerobic microorganisms and catechol (Sample VI) and (B) standard solution of 2,4,6-15N-TNT in MeOD. Upper scale referenced to NH3, lower scale referenced to CH3NO2.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Nitrogen-15-CPMAS NMR spectra of insoluble residues formed from 0.4 mM 2,4,6-15N TNT within six days incubation under anaerobic/aerobic conditions in the presence of anaerobic microorganisms, laccase, and (A) 40 mM catechol and (B) 100 ppm humic acid, respectively (Samples V and VI). Upper scale referenced to NH3, lower scale referenced to CH3NO2.