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Tracing Sources of Sulfur in the Florida Everglades

United States Geological Survey, 956 National Center, Reston, VA 20192

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Study areas in the northern Everglades of southern Florida. Surface water flow in the Everglades is generally from north to southwest (from Lake Okeechobee to Florida Bay).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Sources of sulfate to marshes of the northern Everglades.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Distribution of average sulfate concentrations (mmol L-1) in surface waters of the northern Everglades.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Comparison of sulfide concentrations (mmol L-1) in sediment porewater from Water Conservation Area (WCA) 2A and WCA 3A, December 1995 through December 1996. Note the changes in scale: data for August and December 1996, F1 and U3.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Comparison of total sulfur (% dry weight) and (b) total phosphorus (µg g-1 dry weight) depth profiles in sediment from Water Conservation Area (WCA) 2A at Sites E1 and U3, 1994. Sulfur profile adapted from data in Bates et al. (1998).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Concentrations of sulfate (mmol L-1) versus 34S values in surface water collected in the northern Everglades from 1995–1999.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Sulfate in surface water, 1995–1999: Sulfate concentrations versus 34S values in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) canals, the Everglades Nutrient Removal Area (ENR), and the Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) in the northern Everglades.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. (a–f) Trends in sulfate concentration and 34S values and in 18O values of sulfate and of water, March and July 1995. (h) 34S versus 1/ (as 1/mg L-1), July 1995. Surface water transects are in Water Conservation Area (WCA) 2A and along the Hillsboro Canal.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Comparison of sulfate concentrations and 34S values in surface and ground water in Water Conservation Area (WCA) 2A and the Everglades Nutrient Removal Area (ENR) of the northern Everglades.